Characteristic X-ray lines of different anode materials / Moseley's law

Principle

Moseley's law describes the relationship between the energy of the Ka lines of characteristic X-ray spectra and the atomic number. In this experiment, the characteristic X-ray lines of various different anode materials are determined in order to verify Moseley's law.

Tasks

1. Record the X-ray spectra of the three X-ray tubes.
2. Determine the wavelengths and frequencies of the characteristic X-ray lines based on the Bragg angles of the lines.
3. Create the Moseley lines and determine the Rydberg constant and screening constant.

Learning objectives

• Characteristic X-radiation
• Bohr model
• Energy levels
• Binding energy
• Moseley's law
• Rydberg frequency
• Screening constant
• Bragg scattering