Principle
Various saturated solutions are subjected to polychromatic X-rays. The energy of the resulting fluorescence radiation is analysed with the aid of a semiconductor detector and a multi-channel analyser. The energy of the corresponding characteristic X-ray fluorescence lines is determined. The elements of the samples are identified by comparing the line energies with the corresponding table values.
Tasks
- Calibrate the semiconductor energy detector with the aid of the characteristic radiation of the tungsten X-ray tube.
- Record the fluorescence spectra of saturated potassium bromide and lead chloride solutions.
- Determine the energy values of the corresponding fluorescence lines and comparison with the corresponding table values.
Learning objectives
- Bremsstrahlung
- characteristic X-radiation
- energy levels
- fluorescent yield
- solubility
- solubility product
- semiconductor energy detectors
- multi-channel analysers