Principle
Samples of various elements of different atomic numbers are irradiated with X-rays of a known spectral distribution. The energy of the transmitted intensities is analyzed using a monocrystal analyzer. Subsequently, the Rydberg constant and the screening constants are calculated from the energy of the absorption edges.
Tasks
- Record the intensity of the X-rays emitted from the copper anode as a function of the Bragg angle using a LiF monocrystal as analyzer. Determine the K absorption edges of different absorber materials.
- Calculate the Rydberg constant and the screening constants from the energy values of the K absorption edges.
- Find the L absorption edges of different absorber materials.
- Calculate the Rydberg constant from the energy values of the L absorption edges.
Learning objectives
- X-ray Bremsstrahlung
- Characteristic radiation
- Bragg equation
- Bohr's atomic model
- Atomic energy level scheme
- Moseley's law
- Rydberg constant
- Screening constant