Principle
The ice is best crushed in a cloth so that individual pieces do not scatter.
In the first experiment the temperature of the ice water ϑ1 is generally between 2 and 3 °C. A temperature of 0 °C is achieved only after waiting a very long time. In the second experiment a temperature of under -10 °C is reached. Estimation of the temperature by extending the scale is sufficient for this qualitative experiment. If an exact temperature reading is desired, a thermometer with a scale which extends to at least -20 °C should be used.
Benefits
- Own construction of a calorimeter deepens the understanding
- Student-suitable experiment descriptions with reports available